Exosome/cfRNA Analysis

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs), typically ranging from 30 to 150 nanometers in diameter, released by various cell types into bodily fluids like blood, urine, and saliva. They serve as carriers of biological information, transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—including small RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs)—from one cell to another. This intercellular communication is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and responding to pathological conditions. The content of exosomes reflects the physiological state of their originating cells, making them valuable sources of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring.

Small RNAs and miRNAs within exosomes have garnered significant interest due to their regulatory roles in gene expression. miRNAs, typically 19-25 nucleotides long, are non-coding RNAs that can modulate the expression of multiple target genes post-transcriptionally. They are involved in various biological processes such as development, differentiation, and immune responses. Dysregulation of miRNA expression is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Studying exosomal miRNAs provides insights into disease mechanisms and offers potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has advanced the study of exosomal small RNAs by enabling high-throughput, comprehensive profiling of these molecules. NGS allows researchers to identify both known and novel small RNAs. By sequencing exosomal RNA, scientists can uncover expression patterns and regulatory networks that are critical for understanding disease progression and identifying potential biomarkers. Revvity supports this research by providing NGS library preparation kits and solutions specifically designed to address the challenges of small RNA and EV analysis, ensuring robust and reliable results.