HTRF Human and Mouse Soluble TREM2 Detection Kit, 500 assay points

Principle of the HTRF human and mouse soluble TREM2 assay

The HTRF Soluble TREM2 assay is based on a TR-FRET sandwich immunoassay involving two specific antibodies, one labelled with Eu3+ cryptate (donor) and the other with d2 (acceptor). Both antibodies bind to soluble TREM2, and the donor-acceptor proximity enables a fluorescent TR-FRET signal. The intensity of the signal is directly proportional to the concentration of soluble TREM2 present in the sample.

Protocol of the HTRF Human and Mouse Soluble TREM2 assay

The HTRF Soluble TREM2 assay can be run in a 96- or 384-well low volume white detection plate (20 µL final). As described here, samples or standards are dispensed directly into the assay plate for the detection of soluble TREM2 by HTRF reagents. The antibodies labelled with HTRF fluorophores may be pre-mixed and added in a single dispensing step. No washing steps are needed. The protocol can be further miniaturized or upscaled by simply resizing each addition volume proportionally.

Human and mouse soluble TREM2 assay details

Dilution linearity

Samples consisted of cell culture supernatants from THP-1 cells serially diluted in RPMI 1640 complete medium. The excellent recovery percentages obtained in these experiments demonstrate the strong dilution linearity of the assay (acceptance criteria for dilution tests: 85–115%).

Spike & recovery

Three known concentrations of TREM2 protein (~2,732, 455, and 103 pg/mL) were spiked into a diluted native sample from THP-1 cell supernatants. The expected concentrations were compared with the measured values to calculate antigen recovery (acceptance criteria: 80–120%). The results shown in the table below indicate that good recoveries were achieved for all three spike levels tested.

Inhibition of shedding in differentiated THP-1 cells

THP-1 cells were seeded at 50,000 cells per well in a 96-well microplate and treated for 20 hours with 100 nM PMA at 37°C, 5% CO₂. After incubation, the cells were exposed for 48 hours to 10 µM Batimastat or GW280264X. Following treatment, the supernatant was collected, and the cells were lysed with lysis buffer #3 (1×) for 30 minutes at room temperature under gentle shaking.

Next, 16 µL of each sample were transferred into a 384-well low-volume white microplate, followed by the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after a 3-hour incubation.

As expected, the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor Batimastat and the selective ADAM10/17 inhibitor GW280264X led to a decrease in soluble TREM2 levels, while an increase in ectodomain TREM2 was observed.

Shedding inhibition in microglia differentiated from human iPSCs

Microglia differentiated from human iPSCs (iCell® Microglia, Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics) were seeded at 6,200 cells per well in a 96-well microplate and incubated for 72 hours at 37°C, 5% CO₂. After incubation, the cells were treated for 48 hours with 10 µM GW280264X. Following centrifugation at 200×g for 3 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the cells were lysed with lysis buffer #3 (1×) for 30 minutes at room temperature under gentle shaking.

Next, 16 µL of each sample were transferred into a 384-well low-volume white microplate, followed by the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after a 3-hour incubation.

As expected, treatment with GW280264X led to a decrease in soluble TREM2 levels, while an increase in ectodomain TREM2 was observed.

Comparison of WT and R47H Mutant Microglia Differentiated from Human iPSCs

WT and R47H microglia differentiated from human iPSCs (iCell® Microglia, Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics) were seeded at 12,500 cells per well in a 96-well microplate and incubated for 72 hours.

Following centrifugation at 200×g for 3 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the cells were lysed with lysis buffer #3 (1×) for 30 minutes at room temperature under gentle shaking.

Next, 16 µL of each sample were transferred into a 384-well low-volume white microplate, followed by the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after a 3-hour incubation.

As expected, the R47H mutation in microglia differentiated from human iPSCs led to a significant increase in soluble and ectodomain TREM2 levels.

Validation of soluble TREM2 assay selectivity using Accell siRNA

THP-1 cells were plated in a 96-well plate (25,000 cells/well) and transfected with 2.5 µM Accell siRNA targeting TREM2, along with a negative control. After a 72-hour incubation, 100 nM PMA were added to the cells for 48 hours.

For detection, 16 µL of supernatant were transferred into a 384-well low-volume white microplate, followed by the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after a 3-hour incubation.

Transfection with TREM2 siRNA resulted in a significant decrease (58%) in protein detection compared to the non-targeting control, demonstrating the selectivity of the HTRF Soluble TREM2 assay.

Assessment of soluble TREM2 levels across different cell lines

Undifferentiated and differentiated THP-1 cells (treated with 100 nM PMA for 20 hours), microglia differentiated from human iPSCs (iCell® Microglia, Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics), as well as mouse RAW264.7 cells, were seeded at 25,000 cells per well in a 96-well microplate and incubated for 20 hours. After incubation, the supernatant was collected following the protocol for adherent or suspension cells.

Next, 16 µL of each sample were transferred into a 384-well low-volume white microplate, followed by the addition of 4 µL of premixed HTRF detection reagents. The HTRF signal was recorded after a 3-hour incubation.

The HTRF Soluble TREM2 assay successfully detected soluble TREM2 across multiple cellular models, revealing differential expression levels.